Clives Ideas on the Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium Free Essay Example, 1250 words

As far as the literatures cited are concerned, the author of the article The Challenge of Change: Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium has provided ample background information through referring to a number of literatures. While analyzing the literatures cited by the author, it can be found that appropriate and adequate works has been referred to. The oldest literature cited in the article dates back to 1969. A couple of literatures published in the year 2005 also have been cited in the article. This proves the adequacy and the depth of the research done by the author. This fact becomes more relevant considering that the objective of the article demands a critical comparison of the spatial structure of Australian cities. An added strength of the article is that the literatures referred belong to an explicit range of database and periodicals. The objective-wise coverage of the literature review also adds to the scientific value of the article. The structured research that has been involved in the process of writing the article is quite evident. Each particular part of the objective has been supported by relevant literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Clive's Ideas on the Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The author has used the research literature based on Government census of 1991 to indicate the urban structure and employement location trend during those times. On the other side research papers published in the year 2005 also has been included to highlight the contrast. Similar sufficient number of literatures has been referred by the author with regard to the housing pattern. The depth and the structuring of the research is further confirmed as the article has specifically dealt with and cited literatures referring to different sectors of housing. Data pertaining to both the public sector and the private sector has been referred in detail. Further so as to support the objective, literatures pertaining to Residential differentiation also have been included. The contrast in the socio-economic status of each Australian city has been referred to and cited in the article.

The Segregation Of The United States - 938 Words

Throughout history, many laws have been created to keep America as white as possible. Many white people, such as Tim and Mary Anne Walsh, Marianne Bardolino, and Beverly Sowell, believe that America has been taken over by non-white immigrants; and as a result, makes them wonder if this really is a â€Å"white country.† Many generations of Americans have been perceived as immigrants, but overcame racism, and are now recognized as â€Å"white,† but the new non-white immigrants are treated with the same disdain and disrespect that their fellow white immigrants received throughout history. Webster’s Dictionary defines race as, â€Å"any one of the groups that human beings can be divided into based on shared distinctive physical traits.† (Mirriam-Webster) However, ideas about race have been altered over time. There have been many laws passed that limit the number of immigrants allowed in the United States. For example, the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed in the U.S. based on a racial census and completely excluded Asian immigrants. Only 2% of the total number of people of each nationality as of the 1890 national census received visas. This led to a divide within immigration because some races were more abundant than others, and as a result, a new racial map was formed. The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) banned Chinese immigrants from entering the United States. This act also led to a divide within immigration because there were less ChineseShow MoreRelatedSegregation Of The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation in the United States, legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity. Segregation has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1960s . All over America there seems to be painfully obvious difference in the school systems which cater to the upper class minority and the ones that serve the lower and middle class minority. There is a strong undercurrent of racial inequality in today s school systems, which negativelyRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagesof segregation in the United States. A lot has changed in the past fifty years since segregation ended. The United States shifted from arresting African Americans for using â€Å"white only† facilities to integrated schools all over the country. Influential individuals such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr helped pave the way for African Americans to live as equals to along with their white counterparts in the United States of America. What is Segregation In 1896 the United States SupremeRead MoreSegregation Of The United States1357 Words   |  6 Pagescountry is a great example of segregation because we not only segregate by race, but by gender and sexual orientation as well. America was founded on preconceived expectations of gender and race leading to a segregation of consciousness that structures opinions around the injustices of stereotypes. For years, our country prided itself on being called the melting pot of culture and diversity; when in all honesty, we are not what we claimed to be. The citizens of the United States judge everyone based onRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States prides itself as a nation with a government that treats its citizens with equality regardless of race and ethnicity. Based on this country’s legal actions, is that an accurate description? The people of the United States are divided into different groups based on the color of their skin. The divisions created racism and eventually led to segregation. The segregation of African Americans and white people led to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. These laws strengthened Southern segregationRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States844 Words   |  4 Pagesall believed that segregation was right when it came to the education system. When the time came to Desegreted School it was meet by resistant, but the effects of this historical movement can still be seen in the 21st century. Segregated schools began in result of the Jim Crow laws, which stated races where to have separate accommodation in public. The Supreme Court in the beginning said that segregation as was legal as long as it was equal. However, when it comes to segregation the truth is nothingRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Union was in a state of exceedingly high tension as it split into two on the issue of slavery. It was a question of moral integrity and whether it should be allowed to continue. Racism permeated the institution of slavery. The color of a man’s skin did not keep him from fighting for freedom in the wars that took place in America, although it was a way white people sought to justify their mistreatment of them. Slaves were viewed as inferior beings by southern whites and as the abolition movementRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2133 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States, inequalities are an unfortunate evil th at resonate throughout low-income individuals and minorities. Though these problems are sometimes viewed as coincidences, in the past and even in the present, there have been legislation put in place that have negatively affected specific populations in the US. Because of the injustices in the system socially constructed ideologies about race, ethnicity, and poverty, and our lacking health care system, many people experience inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most rece nt lynching-related death occurredRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2215 Words   |  9 Pages Racial segregation has been embedded in southern society ever since the birth of the America. However, even though documents such as Brown vs. Board of Education and the fourteenth amendment has been instituted into the constitution, we are still facing racial segregation throughout America that is unconstitutional and unjust. The south of America, especially Alabama, are facing several claims of racial tension in their prison system and their way to solve the tension between the black and whiteRead MoreRacial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Simil arly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occurs

Psychology Memory Test Notes Free Essays

Short term memory: where small amounts of information can be stored for a small period of time. Long term memory: where limitless amounts of information can be stored for a very long period of time. Capacity: amount of information that can be held at any given time. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Memory Test Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Duration: the length of time that memories can be held. Encoding: the method in which information is expressed in a particular memory store. Displacement: a way of memory being erased from the short term memory before it an be transferred into the long term memory. Interference: when information which is stored in the long term memory is confused with similar information. Free recall: if a participant is asked to listen to 7 words and repeat them in FREE RECALL that means that the participant DOES NOT have to repeat the words in the order they were stated in. Serial recall: if a participant is asked to listen to 7 words and repeat them in that means that the participant HAS TO repeat the words in the order they were stated in. Digit span technique: a method of measuring the capacity of the short term memory by asking participants to repeat a string of items which gradually increases until recall is not possible. Information processing systems are called models. The manipulation and transformation of information is controlled by the process of: – encoding – retrieval strategies – rehearsal there are three separate sensory stores according to AS: – iconic store – echoic store – haptic store sperling ( )- used a chart containing three rows ot letters tor a second. This was used to find evidence for the sensory memory. Items remain in the sensory memory for a very brief period of time. possibly less then two seconds) – information in the sensory memory is in a relatively unprocessed form. – information is passively registered in sensory memory. We cant control what enters. AS believed the two different stores were different in terms of: – how long they last (duration) – how much information they can store (capacity) how they store information (encoding) – how information is lost (forgetting) The primacy and recency effe ct state that the words at the start and at the end of the list are recalled better. Asymptotes ( middle words ) are poorly recalled. Primacy effect: this is the tendency for the first items represented in a series to be remembered better or more easily. Recency effect: this is the principle that the most recently presented items or experiences will most likely be remembered the best. How to cite Psychology Memory Test Notes, Papers

Global Business Management and Managing Diversity

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Management and Managing Diversity. Answer: Introduction This study is focused on Australian Paper which is the only manufacturer of papers for office, packaging and printing purposes in Australia. The current headquarters of the company is situated at Melbourne in Australia. Australian Paper is operating its business for more than 100 years. The company was established in the year of 1895 and currently it is having near about 1300 employees (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). The mission of the company is to produce and deliver sustainably produced paper, pulp and the packaging products to the customers. The vision statement of the company states that the company aims to provide the best practice in the world through continuous improvement. The management of the company is highly concentrated on the sustainability or sustainable development of the business. The economic contribution of the company as per the latest report is $754 million and 5928 full time jobs. The company is currently producing Olympic stationery products, Reflex copy paper, postpeed, Australian copy paper, Tudor envelop, Saxton and Tudor. The company is very concerned about the flexibility of line function and staff functions because the overall manufacturing process of the company depends on the flexibility of the line and staff functions (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). Identifying the value chain system at Australian Paper The value chain system at Australian Paper is much improved and it contributes to a large extent in achieving the sustainability of the company. If the value chain system of the company is analyzed with the help of Porters Value Chain Model, then it can be identified that the company is very concerned about its support activities and primary activities (Peters et al. 2015). The company has applied the lean management technique for improving the inbound and out bound logistics. The application of lean management helped the organization to reduce the waste level and add extra value to the organizational system. The company has applied the advanced technologies in the operating process. This helps the company to involve less time in manufacturing 1 unit of product. Australian Paper has recruited highly skilled and experienced people in the marketing and sales department so that the marketing department can apply improved strategies to increase the customer base (Australianpaper.com.au 2 016). The infrastructure of the company is much advanced. The line function of the company follows a systematic way that starts from collecting the raw material from the suppliers and ends up by transferring the finished goods to the store. In each step there is a supervisor, who takes care of the process. The company applies 360 degree performance appraisal technique in every 6 months to improve the staff quality. The company also improves its technology on time-to-time basis (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). Explaining the planning process at Australian Paper At Australian Paper, currently three major issues have been identified. These three issues are - excess time in manufacturing per unit of paper, high cost in distribution, high labor cost (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). These three issues are affecting the current production system at Australian Paper. In order to solve the issues, the organization has adopted different strategies. In order to solve the excess manufacturing time related issue, the company has appointed more skilled and experienced labor. The company has already adopted and applied the lean management strategy but it was lacking behind because of the low skilled labor in the basic manufacturing level (Othman 2016). Due to this, the process was involving excess time to produce one unit of paper. In comparison to the competitors in the international market, the manufacturing system of the company requires some improvement. However, to compete in the market the company has focused on the quality of the products. It purchases the raw materials from the best suppliers so that the quality can be maintained. In order to solve this particular issue, the company must verify the information related to the standard production time for producing one unit of paper and the standard cost for the process (Sutheewasinnon, Hoque and Nyamori 2015). These two information is very important while preparing the manufa cturing budget. The company has tried to solve the second issue that is high cost in distribution the company has taken the strategy to build new manufacturing units near the distribution stations. This strategy of the company will help the company in lowering down the distribution cost (Akhtar and Mittal 2015). If the company applies this particular strategy, then it can achieve cost advantage in the international market, which will help the company to get a better position in the market. In order to solve this problem, the management needs the information related to current cost of distribution and the expected cost of distribution if the company sets the manufacturing unit near the distribution stations (Chua, Lowe and Puxty 2015). The third issue is high labor cost. In order to solve this issue the management has taken the strategy to purchase and use the machineries that can produce more quantity but requires less physical labor. If the company applies this strategy, then not only the labor cost will reduce but the total cost of the company will reduce also (Adekola and Sergi 2016). This will help the company to position itself at a better place in the market. However, for this the management will require the information related to the cost of the machineries and cost of the physical labor at the time of preparing the manufacturing budget. Analyzing the control process at Australian Paper Recently, at Australian Paper, some controlling issues have been found out. Among all other issues, two major issues are shortage of raw materials in the stores, excessive inventory (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). In order to solve these two major issues, the management of the company has prepared different plans for these two different issues. For the issue of shortage of raw materials in the stores, the management has planned to arrange for a meeting with the suppliers so that they can identify whether the suppliers are facing any problem in dealing with the company. Along with that, the management has also planned to investigate on the transporting process that goes on to bring the raw materials from suppliers to the stores of the company (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). On the other side, in order to solve the second major controlling issue that is excessive inventory, the management has planned to improve the selling process. As per the plan, the company will recruit experienced marketing people so that the sales of the company can be increased (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). At the same time, the company will implement the strategy of providing special discount on certain amount of sales. The management believes that this will enhance the sales, which will ultimately reduce the inventory level. The management of Australian Paper has used the balance scorecard technique to improve the performance management system within the company. The management has tried to improve the financial performance by decreasing the cost level and expanding the business in new areas in Australia (Baggio Czakon and Mariani 2015). The management has used the balance score card to improve the customer management system by implementing strategy of better CRM. The management has started to provide personalized services to the customers, so that the customers feel happy to deal with the company. In order to achieve the goal and managing the performance management system, improving the manufacturing and distribution process is very important (Kirton and Greene 2015). In order to improve the process through balance score card, the management has started to emphasize on the overall controlling and monitoring process (Wellin 2016). Thorough investigation is being done on the entire manufacturing and distr ibution process. The management has arranged for the training sessions for the performance improvement and learning of the employees. The management believes that improvement in the knowledge and performance of the employees will help in the growth of the company. Two decision making situations at Australian Paper Decision-making is the most essential part of the business. In order to run a business successfully, the management needs to take several decisions like, decision related to production; decision related to business expansion, decision related to sales and many others (Sadgrove 2016). Below, two situations are described where Australian Paper needed to make decisions: Australian Paper needs to raise its fund in order to improve its business operations further. However, identifying the proper source of fund raising is a matter of decision-making. The management of Australian Paper has analyzed the different external sources of finance during the decision-making process. At the same time, the management of the company has also analyzed the internal sources of finance. After analyzing the two types of sources of finance, the management takes the decision to raise fund from the external sources that is taking loan from the bank (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). There is another situation, in which Australian Paper needed to make decision and that is expanding its business. In order to position itself at a better market place, the company needs to expand its business further. However, the management of the company needed to take decision, whether the international expansion will be fruitful for the company or not (Sadiq and Governatori 2015). The management has conducted the market survey to make the decision-making process easier. As per the market research or survey, the management decided to expand the business nationally because international business expansion requires more investment. Recommendations In the report, it has been identified that Australian Paper is trying to improve its value chain system. However, the company is facing several challenges or issues in operating its business and controlling the same. The labor cost and the distribution cost of the company are much higher and at the same time, the company is also facing issues in inventory management and there is lack of proper quantity of raw materials in the stores. However, the management is trying hard to solve the issues. The management has prepared some plans to solve the issues. The management has decided to conduct thorough investigation on the problematic matters and along with that; the management has used the balance scorecard technique to improve the performance of the company. However, the management of Australian Paper can consider the following recommendations to improve its business further: The management can provide better training to the base level employees. This will help the company to improve the performance standard of the low-paid employees and the company can get better performance from the employees by paying the same salary or wages. The company can increase the product range to expand its business further. The company can recruit a supervisor, who will investigate and take care of the raw material supply chain, so that no shortage of raw material occurs at the company. Reference list: Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016.Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Akhtar, M. and Mittal, R.K., 2015. Implementation issues and their impact on strategic performance management system effectivenessan empirical study of Indian oil industry.Measuring Business Excellence,19(2), pp.71-82. Australianpaper.com.au. 2016. Australian made sustainable paper - Australian Paper. [online] Available at: https://www.australianpaper.com.au/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2016]. Baggio, R., Czakon, W. and Mariani, M.M. eds., 2016.Managing tourism in a changing world: issues and cases. Routledge. Chua, W.F., Lowe, T. and Puxty, T. eds., 2015.Critical perspectives in management control. Springer. Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2015.The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Othman, S.N., 2016. The Value Chain of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Organic Rice of Rural Farms in Kedah.International Journal of Supply Chain Management. Peters, D., Low, J., Nyongesa, M., Quinn, S. and Parker, M., 2015. Sweetpotato value chain development in West Africa: matching products with farmer typology.Potato and sweetpotato in Africa: transforming the value chains for food and nutrition security, pp.498-507. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sadiq, S. and Governatori, G., 2015. Managing regulatory compliance in business processes. InHandbook on Business Process Management 2(pp. 265-288). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sutheewasinnon, P., Hoque, Z. and Nyamori, R.O., 2015. Development of a performance management system in the Thailand public sector: Isomorphism and the role and strategies of institutional entrepreneurs.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Wellin, M., 2016.Managing the psychological contract: Using the personal deal to increase business performance. CRC Press.